Chapter 34 From Post Modernism and Beyond - Art o Essays

Chapter 34: From Post Modernism and Beyond - Art of the Later 20th Century World War II, with the global devastation it unleashed, psychological, political, physical, and economic, set the stage for the second half of the 20th century. The dropping of the bomb on Japan signaled a turning point. As a result the rest of the 20th century has been one of upheaval, change, and conflict. The constant presence of conflict throughout the world in the later 20th century resulted in wide spread disruption and dislocation. The Hindu Muslim conflict that resulted when the British left India in 1947, the Israeli Arab conflict, the Communist rise to power in China after a momentous war, the conflict in Korea, the brutal spread of Communism through much violence, Vietnam, the Cold War between the US and Russia, the conflicts in Africa and Central and South America, and the rise of radical Islam, all characterize these troubles. These great events had tremendous effect on the world. The US was less affected when compared to Europe, but was still not immune. In the post war years, Americans began to question the status quo. There was the rise of the counterculture in the late 50's, the 60's, 70's, 80's, 90's, through today. The resistance to established authority, power structures, and the traditional family, was characterized by rebellion and the rejection of racism and sexism. The Dynamics of Power The central issue that fueled these changes was power. Individual groups, such as feminists, various ethnic groups, gay and lesbians, and others have sought recognition, respect and legal protection through political and legal action. These groups today have a powerful influence in the educational institutions, political institutions, and in media. As a result of this concern for the dynamics of power, identity (both individual and group), has emerged as a potent arena for discussion and action. This quest and struggle has fueled the content of much of the art of the late 20th and early 21st century. The Art World's Focus Shifts West The period's emphasis on change carried over into the art world. The relative economic stability of the United States was a major factor in the shifting center of Western art from Paris to New York. This helps to explain the predominance of American artists in the world art markets. Only in the closing decades of the twentieth century, with the rising interest in multiculturalism and global economies, have countries outside the United States begun to exhibit art more broadly. Modernism, Formalism, and Clement Greenberg Modernism, so integral to the art of the later 19th century, shifted course in conjunction with the changing historical conditions and demands, and in the post war years it became increasingly identified with strict formalism. Formalism is an emphasis on an artwork's visual elements rather than its subject - due largely to the prominence of the American Clement Greenberg (1909-1994). As an art critic who wielded considerable influence from the 1940's through the 1970's, Greenberg was instrumental in redefining the parameters of modernism. For Greenberg, late 20th century modernist artists were those who refined the critical stance of the late 19th and early 20th century modernists. This critical stance involved rejecting illusionism and exploring the properties of each artistic medium. So dominant was Greenberg that scholars often refer to the general modernist tenets during this period as Greenbergian Formalism. Though he modified his stance over the years, Greenberg retained certain basic concepts. In particular Greenberg promoted the idea of purity in art. He explained, "Purity in art consists of acceptance, willing acceptance, of the limitations of the medium of a specific art." I other words, he believed artists should strive for a more explicit focus on the properties exclusive to each medium - for example two dimensionality or flatness in painting, and three dimensionality in sculpture. To achieve this, artists had to eliminate illusion and embrace abstraction. Greenberg elaborated: "It follows that a modernist work of art must try, in principle, to avoid communication with any order of experience not inherent in the most literally and essentially construed nature of its medium. Among other things, this means renouncing illusionism and explicit subject matter. These arts are to achieve concreteness, "purity," by dealing solely with their respective selves - that is, by becoming "abstract" or nonfigurative." Greenberg avidly promoted the avant-garde, which he viewed as synonymous with modernism in the postwar years. Generally speaking, the spirit of rebellion and disdain for convention central to the historical avant-garde flourished in the social political upheaval and counterculture of the 1960's and 1970's. However the acute social political dimension inherent in the avant-garde's early development had

Supreme court documents essays

Supreme court documents essays United States v. Butler ( 1933 ) This Court case belongs in the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about a person named Butler who wanted to declare the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional. This is because of the fact that the government back in the 1920s did not do much for the farmers. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was that farmers were being taxed and that tax would go to other farmers to reimburse them to not to grow food. The reason it was brought to court was because Butler refused to pay the tax and the Supreme Court agreed with Butler. The law was then passed legally that farmers taxes would go into a general fund and from the fund would go to other farmers to not to grow food. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. Eugene Dennis was a communist party leader in the U.S. This case states that Dennis was arrested for violating the Smith Act. The Smith Act prohibits arguing in any manner to overthrow the government of the U.S. Dennis stated that the Smith Act violated his first amendment right to Free Speech. The Supreme Court Found that the Smith act did not violate Denniss Freedom of speech. Even though Free Speech is a guaranteed right it is not unlimited. This right can be overthrown if it prevents danger to the national security of the U.S. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about 14 people Arrested for violating the Smiths Act by being members of the communist party in California. The people argued that theyre Freedom of Speech right was taken away from them. The Supreme Court stated that in order for the Smiths Act to be violated people must actively be involved in something rather than just believing in something. The Supreme Court came to a conclusion that the Smith Act did not prohibit "advocacy of forcible overthrow of the government as an abstract doctrine." This court case belongs to the Freed...

Nutrition low income diet plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nutrition low income diet plan - Essay Example The protein and carbohydrate requirement were at par to RNI and DRV values, though carbohydrates were less in terms of RNI. Unfortunately the fat rich foods were purchased less. Although the fat requirement of 35% was obeyed but there was disparity in intake of trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. This could lead to impairment of transport and absorption of vitamins, less available energy for heavy endurance work, and decreased feeling of satiety. After reorienting her purchase by reducing 1 avocado, white wine and replacing with 12 more French dressings in her diet will not only address the issue of meeting RNI and DRV of fats but will also reduce her expenses by 0.32 pounds and her new expenditure will be 23.3pound/week. This indicates that she will be able to live on a 30 pound weekly income. Introduction Diet Charts are essential to indicate the amount or portions of the various food items that one should consume in the entire day to meet the daily calorie requirements. Calorie requirement depends on the gender of the individual, the type of daily activity undertaken, profession of the individual, specific disease states, and specific clinical conditions like pregnancy, lactation ( Darnton-Hill, Nishida and James,2004:101-121). Diet charts also need to be formulated based on the socioeconomic conditions of the individual and hence there cannot be a concept of universal diet chart (Barker, 2002:17). Calorie requirements are based on the concept of Balanced Diet. A Balanced Diet is one which contains all the necessary macro and micronutrients comprising of carbohydrates, fats and proteins including vitamins and trace elements to meet the daily calorie need of an individual, so that the individual can maintain his or her daily activities and at the same time keeping a good health and preventing the chance of diseases by building body immunity. The calorie requirements of an individual are expressed in the form of Adult Con sumption Units. Adult Consumption Unit expresses the calorie requirement of a person in reference to the average calorie requirement of a reference man, which is normal sedentary adult man. The calorie requirement normally considered at an average of 2400kcal. The different ACU speculated are: The calories are provided by carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Dietary carbohydrates serves the principle source of energy, acts as protein sparers, as metabolic primers for protein and fat metabolisms and also forms the fuel of the Central Nervous system (Lippard and Berg, 1994).50-60% of total calories should come from carbohydrates (McArdle, Katch, and Katch ,2006). The calorific value of carbohydrates is 4.1kcal/gram (Kathleen Mahan, Raymond and Escott-Stump, 2012). Fats are required to supply the required amount of essential fatty acids, to act as dietary vehicles for transport and absorption of vitamins, provide high percentage of energy for heavy endurance work, to bring satiety (Haque and Mozaffar,1992:1351-4). Fat requirement increases with the rise in total calorie requirement because fat have a high calorie value around 9.1 kcal/gram, which is more than proteins or carbohydrates (Berg , Tymoczko, and Stryer 2002:603). The calorific values of proteins are 4.1kcal/gram. A protein containing adequate and balanced amounts of essential amino acids has high nutritive value because its amino acids are promptly incorporated into

Management Accounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Accounting - Case Study Example The PAHs can be associated with oil spills and they include chemicals and carcinogens that are extensively harmful for the health of human beings and marine beings. The increasing level of carcinogens and chemicals in the water may causes severe ill effects on the health of human beings and marine life often causing frequent deaths among them and may also cause these living beings to be born with severe health problems caused by the toxic levels in the water carried through their genes. Also, the effects of the oil drilling activities are long lasting and continue to create damage in the health and lives of the human beings and marine animals for years even after the oil drilling activity or the oil spills have stopped. The spill exposure often lead to severe health problems among the workers involved in the oil drilling activities as well as among the inhabitants in and around the area of oil drilling. Despite the huge negative impacts of oil drilling operations on the social and environmental areas, oil drilling continues to be an important industrial operation for maintaining energy security in different countries. Oil continues to be the greatest source of energy and the demand for oil is continuously rising across the world because it is a natural reserve for energy. As such oil drilling continues to be in a dominant position for boosting the global economic growth and ensuring that a continuous source of energy is maintained. British petroleum is one of the leading oil and gas companies in the globe. The company is reputed for its large scale operations and its sustainability practices in the oil and gas industry. However, the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 caused severe financial and reputational damages for the company (British Petroleum Corporate Website, 2013, p.6). In this respect, the management of the company

Genre Defense of Shakespeares As You Like It Essay Example for Free

Genre Defense of Shakespeares As You Like It Essay As You Like It represents, together with Much Ado About Nothing and Twelfth Night, the summation of Shakespeares achievement in festive, happy comedy during the years 1598-1601, proclaims David Bevington his The Complete Works of Shakespeare (288). Bevington is obviously not the first editor to have categorized Shakespeares plays. In fact, part of the plays popularity might be based upon the fact that audiences know what to expect when they begin viewing the productions. For example, As You Like Its title hints that audiences should expect the play to end happily. This plays name is not, however, all that helps classify it as a comedy. Every element of the play drips with comedic elements, as Shakespeare characteristically critiques love, while highlighting the pastoral motif. The theme of the play is an obvious remark on its classification. Shakespeare exploits literary convention by mocking the foolishness love generates in us all. Kenneth Muir, in Shakespeares Comic Sequence, declares, His [Shakespeares] lovers-Rosalind, Orlando, Celia, Oliver and Phoebe-would all make answer to Marlowes question Who ever loved that loved not at first sight? with a chorus of No one.'(88) Each of the characters do and say impulsive things based solely on emotion. The Forest of Arden gives the characters freedom to act in such silly manners. Once their love relationships have been realized in marriage, the couples can prepare to return to the order, and presumably reason, of the court. The plot of As You Like It centers on the love relationships of four couples. Made up of the lovers stories and the story of the overthrown Duke Senior, who has fled into the Forest of Arden, the plot is quite complex. It centers on the movement of the characters from the court to the forest and then readying themselves to return to court. The play begins with the instantaneous falling in love of Rosalind and Orlando at court and the nearly simultaneous retreat of each into the Forest of Arden, due to Duke Fredericks sudden disdain for Rosalind and Olivers intention to kill Orlando. The plotline continues with Rosalind disguised as Ganymede, a boy, blocking Rosalind and Orlandos love. The plot moves from disorder to order, though, and the play concludes with a typical comic ending: a marriage ceremony. The marriage masque further solidifies the plays comedic classification. Helen Gardner notes in her article that the masque of Hymen returns order as it is able to end the whole with courtly grace and dignity. This is an image of civility and true society, for Hymen is a god of cities (59). A song sung at the wedding feast declares Hymens dominion over towns: Tis Hymen peoples every town / High wedlock then be honored. / Honor, high honor and renown / To Hymen, god of every town! (Shakespeare, V. iv. 142-145). Furthermore, the scene accounts for all of the characters happy state: Rosalind and Orlando have finally overcome all obstacles to be united; Oliver and Celia are able to immediately marry and Oliver has changed his ways; Silvius finally obtains Phoebes love; Touchstone and Audrey are married; and Duke Frederick has repented and joined a monastery, leaving Duke Senior to assume his rightful throne. All problems have been resolved, which leaves no room for arguing that the play is a comedy. The characters also prove that the play has been appropriately classified. The different lovers demonstrate stereotypical kinds of love. Commentator Kenneth Muir remarks, In As You Like It different kinds of love are examined-the lust of Touchstone, the self-love of Jacques, the pride and vanity of Phoebe, and the sentimental idealism of Orlando-and all are found wanting (91). The central relationship is between Rosalind and Orlando, whom Bertrand Evans describes as the brightest of Shakespeares bright heroines and the least conscious of his unconscious heroes (92). Orlando seems a typical jock. He wrestles Charles in the court and then falls hopelessly in love with Rosalind-so hopelessly in love that he, despite being a poor poet, carves Rosalinds name and poems about her into tree trunks. Although Oliver has denied him a gentlemans education, he is a noble character, who is loyal to his servant Adam, brave enough to fight Charles, and loving when speaking about his beloved Rosalind. Nonetheless, Orlando must have some naivetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in order for Rosalind to continue fooling him. Evans expounds, Despite the deserved praise which Oliver heaps upon Orlando [,] Orlando is exposed repeatedly in situations of which the truth eludes him. [] His abrupt disposal of Charles the wrestler; his first tongue-tied meeting with Rosalind; his sword-brandishing, valiant, but frightfully unaware entrance to demand food of Duke Senior-all these are parts of the preparation. (92-3) Orlandos good intentions are mocked somewhat by his actions. Rosalind is also a good person, as is evident in her devotion to Celia, her father, and Orlando. However, Rosalinds disguise leads to some humorous scenes as the (at least, original) audience is aware of the fact that, as Muir describes, when Ganymede is helping Orlando, We have a boy pretending to be a woman, pretending to be a boy, pretending to be a boy, pretending to be a woman, satirising feminine behaviour (90). Her disguise provides numerous incongruities as the audience continues to see the male Ganymede in opposition to Rosalind. Taking on a masculine role helps Rosalind to develop inner strength. In fact, Diane Dreher explains in her analysis of androgynous Shakespearean characters that Rosalinds disguise enables her to examine Orlandos motives, allowing her to say and do things that traditional feminine modestly would not permit (121). Despite her depth of character, the audience is constantly aware of her super objective: to marry Orlando. This goal in and of itself is a romantic convention that cannot be ignored. While Oliver and Duke Frederick appear as antagonistic characters in the beginning scenes when they are at court, both make a turn around after entering the forest. Shakespeare utilizes a romantic convention, the sudden conversion of a villain, to further illuminate the plays comedic nature. When Orlando rescues Oliver from a lioness, Oliver finds favor in his younger brother, and the two are reunited. Oliver and Orlandos brother Jacques explains that Duke Frederick has changed: And to the skirts of this wild wood [Duke Frederick] came, / Where, meeting with an old religious man, / After some question with him, was converted / Both from his enterprise and from the world, / His crown bequeathing to his banished brother, / And all their lands restored to them again / That were with him exiled. (Shakespeare, V. iv. 158-164). Entering the woods leads the characters to become better people. The characters language, although sometimes a bit poetic, is rather common. The plays pastoral elements make prose a more likely language choice. In fact, Dr. Sharron Cassavant, professor of English at Northeastern University has calculated that 54.5 percent of the plays 2, 636 lines are written in prose. The opening scene, exposition in conversation between Orlando and Adam, is entirely prose. Rosalind and Celia also interchange in prose. Prose dominates the dialogue between the lovers. Rhymed verse is generally used when Orlando attempts to write poems about his beloved Rosalind. Blank verse, a higher form, is used most often by Jacques, but Duke Senior also utilizes to proclaim the good that nature has offered him. In this critique of love, blank verse is reserved most often for use by those characters unaffected by love. The language lends itself to the plays love-at-first-sight theme in that the lovers do not have time to organize their thoughts in a collected way, but rather sp eak whatever first enters their mind. The play appeals to the comedic audience visually and aurally as well. Most notably, Rosalinds disguise allows the audience, aware of the fact that the boy they see pretending to be a woman is actually the woman he is pretending to be, to laugh at the incongruities of Orlandos pretend love for and Phoebes real love for Ganymede. The disguise also presents funny sounds as Rosalinds voice must change depending on the character she is playing. The other pastoral characters also lend country-bumpkin accents to the plays aural elements, as they are less sophisticated than the courtly characters. As You Like It could not be more comedic. Each of the plays elements presents stereotypical characteristics of comedy. Shakespeare obviously knew the requirements of each genre and managed to control those requirements while never ceasing to dazzle his audience. His works were all as we like them. Works Cited Bevington, David. Introduction to As You Like It. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. By Bevington. NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1997. 288-91. Cassavant, Sharron. As You Like It Main page. Introduction to Shakespeare. Course Website. Dept. of English, Northeastern University. 11 December 2004 http://www.atsweb.neu.edu/uc/s.cassavant/AYLImain.html. Dreher, Diane Elizabeth. Domination and Defiance: Fathers and Daughters in Shakespeare. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986. [OBU] Evans, Bertrand. Shakespeares Comedies. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1960. [OBU] Gardner, Helen. As You Like It. Shakespeare the Comedies: A Collection of Critical Essays, Ed. Kenneth Muir. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1965.

The Great Debaters And Henry David Thoreau Philosophy Essay

The Great Debaters And Henry David Thoreau Philosophy Essay To begin with, lets get clear that modern society is the product of deep humans thought. We all act and live within defined and established liberal-democratic rules, norms and beliefs with the core value of individual, which we are accustomed to perceive as something natural. However, who or what have improved values proclaimed by French Revolution at first? It is reasonably supposed that great thinkers worth to be called the primary source. Today, there is the attempt to draw analogues between James Farmer, Jr. and David Thoreau, whose impacts to philosophical thought development hardly can be overvalued. It is stated that these two personalities are similar with views of success in America. This similarity is grounded on equal value of Civil Disobedience. Obviously, plenty of interconnections can be mentioned. However, there is the view on the most strong parts. What is American success for David Thoreau and James Farmer, Jr.? After some analysis providing, it is argued that both these great thinkers followed one general belief. Here is the brief circuit. The greatest value of humankind is the mind, which is only useful to define what is wrong and right. However, it is always oppressed and restricted by law, traditions and states in common. According to James Farmer, Jr. and David Thoreau, minds release is the only proper solution to get American success, and Civil Disobedience is the revolutionary tool to achieve desired aim. In fact, both James Farmer, Jr. and David Thoreau determine Civil Disobedience as the kind law and right opposing. Eventually, minds awaking is already can be called Civil Disobedience according to them. At second, the core value of individual is placed in the center of their philosophy. Lets point out some supporting particularities from The great Debaters directed by Danzel Washington and Civil Disobedience written b y Henry David Thoreau. Oppressed mind. This was the main unfortunate reality people had to accept at times of great thinkers the times of racial discrimination and socio-economic oppression. To support this claim, lets remind some part from The great Debators, when Mr. Tolson spoke to Mr. Law about slaves owner Lynch., who liked to say: Keep the slave physically strong, but psychologically week. Leave him body, but take his mind(The Great Debators). This quote in film doesnt seem to be random. Considerably, it was put to line out oppressed mind of Color people, as the main background for racial discrimination. Considerably, this fact recognition is the first step to get entire American success, according to James Farmer Jr.. Similar view can be found out in Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau: The mass of men serve the state thus, not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies. In most cases there is no free exercise whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense; but they put themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones. Such command no more respect than men of straw or a lump of dirt. Yet such as these even are commonly esteemed good citizens. They are as likely to serve the devil, without intending it, as God (Thoreau). According to this quote, the start point of Thoreaus is absolutely similar to Farmer. However, one reasonable question appears why people perceive wrong as right? The answer is in harmful foundations of society and peoples silent obedience. Unreasonable value of law. Total faith in Law and its corresponding, is determined by Farmer and Thoreau as key premise to depressed mind and common oppression consequently. The law has not right to be perceived as the only source of truth, justice and proper-being. Both thinkers were tolerant to this idea and appropriate manifestations are easy to be found out. Lets remind the scene of final debates with Harvard from The Great Debators. Participant from Harvard team claimed that: We have no right to decide what laws are good or bad. Nothing that can defile the rule of law is moral(The Great Debators). This quote is strong with the entire picture of the valid belief in law that caused oppressed minds and racial discrimination consequently, according to James Farmer Jr.. Do you remember how he opposed this statement? If no, here is it: Unjust law is not the law(The Great Debators). Our mind defines what is good or bad and this is the greatest value to resist injustice laws influence. Quite similar approach is showed out in Thoreaus Civil Disobedience: Unjust laws existà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go; perchance it will wear smooth certainly the machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself, then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine(Thoreau). Being influenced by different aims, James Farmer Jr. and David Thoreau are similar with the common persuasion. They did not resist the nature of law as needful regulation. They were against the foolish laws, which had no right to be proclaimed and perceived as life guideline. Civil Disobedience is the synonym to Revolution. In fact, it is rather curious situation around the direct meaning of Civil Disobedience. The point is that this idea stated as the key one in book and movie, but no one source gives us clear quote about its meaning. Considerably, audience is welcome to generate own one. In this regard, Civil Disobedience can be defined as the brave challenge of mind to dreadful injustice. James Farmer Jr. and David Thoreau are straight with call to oppressed of this challenge giving and this is their Revolution. Remind the main scene from The Great Debators, when James Framer Jr. took the last victorious word: I have the right, the duty to resistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with violence or civil disobedience. You should pray, I choose the last(The Great Debators). David Thoreau is not so strong with claim, but not less convincing: All machines have their friction; and possibly this does enough good to counterbalance the evil. At any rate, it is a great evil to make a stir about it. But when the friction comes to have its machine, and oppression and robbery are organized, I say, let us not have such a machine any longer. In other words, when a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize(Thoreau). In this order, both thinkers are interconnected with the same belief in public awakening. Whatever dreadful factor is (racial discrimination or socio-economic injustice) oppressed are right and even have to struggle what will lead to common well-being. Are Farmers and Thoreaus views on American success similar? Definitely, yes. However, there is more relevant question. Were these views recognized and adopted? At the first glance, we are still ruled by the law and obey same norms of behavior, but one significant change was implemented. The nature of laws was transformed and this fact is supported by protected liberal values with individual in the center. The mind, instead of majoritys will, became the primary source of every law and this is the greatest victory of common humans thought, and outstanding thinkers particularly. Sources Thoreau, David. Civil Disobedience. The free library, n.d.. Web. 05 April 2011. http://thoreau.thefreelibrary.com/Civil-Disobedience The Great Debators. Let me watch this, n.d.. Web 05 April 2011. http://www.letmewatchthis.ch/movie-5549-The-Great-Debaters

Enuma Elish vs. Genesis

Honors 101 October 3rd 2012 These Dang Creation Stories While both the Book of Genesis within the Bible and the seven tablets called the Enuma Elish (Enuma Elis) are both considered to be religious texts, their accounts for how the universe and humans came to be are both similar and contrasting. The Book of Genesis, which is believed to have been written sometime during the 13th century BCE, during the time of Moses. This book is one way of describing how the world, the universe, the plants, animals, and everything came to be through God’s mighty work in a time frame of seven days.All aspects of life came from a single God, the â€Å"Creator of the universe, YHVH (Yahweh). Throughout the first 11 books of Genesis, the reader can imagine through imagery of how Earth was formed, as well as the first covenant and the first sin within the â€Å"Garden of Eden. † The seven tablets called the â€Å"Enuma Elish,† are believed to have been written in the late 12th centu ry BCE, with the author unknown. The Enuma Elish is the Babylonian account of how the Earth and the universe were created, along with the rest of the inhabitants of Earth over an unknown amount of time, through a clash with a big god and a goddess.There is a specific way that the objects of Earth and the universe are created, which gives the tablets structure within the stories. To begin, both the Book of Genesis and the Enuma Elish are their own â€Å"religious historical† telling of how the universe was created. In the Book of Genesis, Earth and the universe are created by God (solo, no help) over a time period of seven days, with the seventh day acting as a day of rest.In the Enuma Elish, the time period in which Earth and all the rest are created isn’t specified very well, although at the end of it, the God’s who create it all decide to have a huge celebration rather than having a day of rest. This shows how the god’s within the stories are very diffe rent than each other because the God from Genesis decides to take a rest and recover from all of his energy used as well as sanctify the Sabbath. Inversely, the gods from the Enuma Elish decide to rest, as well as celebrate and â€Å"party† for their creation has come to be.God, from the Bible, is perceived to be a merciful and gentle, calm being, whilst the other gods from the Enuma Elish are taken to be overly excited for what they just created, for they know not what will come of their development as they haven’t taken into factor any of the sins or wrongful doings of the inhabitants. Although the Bible creation story is done through one god, versus the Enuma Elish which incorporates multiple gods into the creation of Earth, helps to split the responsibility of such a complex Earth to many gods, which is more reasonable than a singular God in the Bible creating Earth.In the Enuma Elish, creation is accomplished through conflict and warfare with lots of noise and bat tle scenes. In the Genesis telling, however, we find a profound sense of peace and quiet. The opposite of warfare and conflict can be seen in the instance of God's divine nature, â€Å"And God said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And it was so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When one looks into the genre of both stories, it is quite easy to see that the Enuma Elish is clearly mythological, but Genesis is not only non-mythological, but anti-mythical.Genesis shows that the things that mankind worships, the gods, the idols, and the symbols, are little more than the creation of the one God himself. This can sway the present-day audience one way or the other, most likely swaying them to believe that the stories shown in the Enuma Elish as fake or impossible because of the war between the gods and goddess and â€Å"splitting her like a shellfish. † Humans now know through science that this is quite impossible to accomplish through any amount of strength, which would sway the reader to think that this story is clearly mythological.However, in the account of Genesis, the creation of everything seems to be more plausible than not because of God’s calm sense of creating. It leads the writing away from being mythological since God does not introduce other far-staring creatures/gods such as Tiamat, as from her split body creates heaven and earth. From this, the mythological sense of the story comes about, and from there the reader can tell that the narrative is no longer true, but more a fairy tale like record of events; an easier and more entertaining way of telling the children and adults of a time when reading was a rare skill of life.The imagery and adventure within the story were relevant at the time of its writing, but its attraction over the past 2000+ years has lost its pizazz, which is why the story of Genesis and the Bible has last, and the Enuma Elish is now considered as â€Å"dead. † The most important aspect of these two parables is in Genesis, man is created from clay to rule over the creation and sadly, in the Enuma Elish, man is created from a god's blood to be slaves of the gods. God in Genesis is now interpreted to be putting his own image into humans, giving them a good moral body.In the Enuma Elish on the other hand, humans are created in the blood of Kingu, Tiamut’s second in command, where humanoids are created to sacrifice to the gods. This shows how humans are on two different pedestals between the two religions. In one, humans are seen as a creation of God to further cultivate his creation of earth, while in the other, humans are seen are a slave to the gods, as they’re simply sacrifices for the gods and everything that they stand for. Humans will look at this and think to themselves about how they would rather want to be seen as. Independent thinkers who are here on this planet to make it better and create more?Or humans who were made from the blood of a wrongful doer and now are only seen as slaves to the gods abov e? The logical way of thinking would be to turn to the God who isn’t omnipresent to see you die as a slave and a sacrifice, but rather as a spiritual being who wants to view the humans and see their prosperity come about through the rightful doings of their actions and create a better planet for themselves through the works of their own self. Simply because of this, the story of Genesis has been able to outlast the sands of time, whereas the Enuma Elish has fallen and won’t be able to get back up.After comparing the two accounts as similar and different stories, it becomes clear that if one is to base a comparison and conclusion off of the similarities alone, then some important differences are likely going to be ignored. In the Genesis telling, Moses purposefully portrays a monotheistic God who creates within the soulfulness of peace. The Enuma Elish is polytheistic and the gods operate within the realms of war, violence, and one without rest. Furthermore, Moses seems to choose his words carefully in describing God’s creation, which allows God’s ways to seem far calmer than that of the other creation story.For example he writes that God created, â€Å"the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night,† as opposed to using â€Å"sun† (shemesh) and â€Å"moon† (sin), perhaps knowing that many may misinterpret the account as God creating lesser gods. Knowing that there are simply these differences between the two, it is easy to conclude that neither the Enuma Elish nor the Genesis account were borrowed or influenced by each other. Genesis is far different than the other Near Eastern creation myth and therefore cannot be considered close to the other.

Refugee Blues Essay

The speaker is talking to someone â€Å"My dear† (perhaps his wife), the language and tone is very conversational. Each stanza intensifies the situation in the poem. The first stanza brings out that the refugees are homeless. Though there are millions in the city all of whom have some kind of home but the refugees have nowhere to go. In stanza 2, the couple cannot stay in their country. It compares two living people with the old yew tree. â€Å"Officially dead† means you cannot make passport. This section tells us how the refugees are trying to get help. The refugees cannot leave the country due to lack of passport and hence they are described as officially dead, though they are indeed alive. The refugees are treated coldly by the committee and council. They are politely pushed aside but no real help is offered. At the public meeting the speaker demonises the refugees as thieves. This is made to incite ordinary people to hate Jews. A metaphorical storm breaks over the whole of Europe continent as hitler sentences them to death. The tone of the final stanza is very bitter. The comparisons that the poet uses are testimony to these; Pet animals are treated better then Jews. eg: â€Å"saw a Door opened and a cat let in; †¦ † Fish are free and Birds are free, Poet blames nazi regime for creating an environment in which natural things act far much better than humans. The poet further uses cruel contrast. For e. g. : he has a dream of a huge building with many rooms for everybody except Jews. In the final stanza the poet enlightens a brightening future for the Jews but now Jews are hunted down by 1000’s of people.

The Domestic Impact of the Television and Computer Revolutio essays

The Domestic Impact of the Television and Computer Revolutio essays The computer and the television are two of the most widespread communication devises used in today's society, next to the telephone. The extent, to which they are used in society, and whether they are detrimental or advantageous does vary. However, the impact of these two revolutions on technology can be considered to have some similarities and differences between them. Whether it was in the 1950's when the television came into the home or the 1990's when the computer was domesticated, both of these technologies redefined the world's attitude towards leisure. During the separate periods when both of these medias were introduced, people reallocated their leisure and work time in the home. This was made possible because both technologies in their early lives became affordable to the middle class family, and therefore they became part of the family's relaxation together. For this reason, both technologies can also be said to have brought the family closer; however the television is a le isure product that seems to cater more for group activities than does the computer. The computer seems to have limitations when activities as a group are being considered. On one hand, the computer permits groups of individuals to browse the internet or play video games, yet the computer is more personalized than the television. One aspect of the computer that makes if personalized is its ability to bring people closer together by allowing person to person communication no matter where they are. Since the television is a media form where communication is broadcast from a single person to many people the television does not require any interaction or response; therefore, it permits the user to engage in other tasks while viewing. One area in which the computer has probably made more progress than television is its capability to encompass an individual with a pool of knowledge at the touch of a button. In closing, both technologies have brought about expandin...

Gang

Gang Did you know Gangs have been around for centuries dating back to 1200 AD when the gang Thugz was formed? Or that there are approximately 20,000 gangs in the United States with an estimate of one million members as of the year 2000? Probably not because most people aren't that knowledgeable; they only think they are.Many people don't know that gangs are classified by race and ethnicity because of discrimination and economic struggles. However, it should not imply that any particular ethnic background leads to gang membership. Although white gangs have been known to encourage and act on racist beliefs by committing hate crimes. Hispanic gangs worry about self-respect and honor. Asian gangs are organized in dealing with prostitution, drugs, and gambling than other gangs. Now days the old classified gangs are starting to become obsolete due to the rainbow gangs being racially diverse. Meaning they have affiliates with both sexes and two or more races unlike the traditional single race ga ngs.English: An MS-13 suspect bearing gang tattoos is ...But what is a gang? No one actually knows simply because everyone has a different perspective of what a gang is, for example:(Klein Maxson, 2006, p. 6). defines gangs as "any denotable group of youngsters who: (a) are generally perceived as a distinct aggregation by others in their neighborhood; (b) recognize themselves as a denotable group (almost invariably with a group name) and (c) have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from neighborhood residents and /or law enforcement agencies."Walter Miller (1975, 9) defines gangs as "a group of recurrently associating individuals with identifiable leadership and internal organization, identifying with or claiming control over territory in the community, and engaging either individually or collectively in violent or other forms of illegal behavior." As you can tell there...

Management . Hidden value book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management . Hidden value book - Essay Example The difference here begins with the CEO who has a whole different outlook on the world of business. He believes that business will flourish only if the customers have respect for the work you do and the goals you have for your company, that this is more than setting goals for increasing revenues but increasing the overall respect by his employees and his customers. He believes that begins with "realistic" goals about accomplishing something with meaning and he does not mean financial goals (OReilly &Pfeffer, 2,000 pg. 121). He believes that any employee can accomplish the goals of the company, if the goals are understood and essentially set by them. He does not look for employees that have great degrees but employees who are enthusiastic about the business and what it should accomplish. He will train them once hired. The company is successful with this goal setting and people policy because the employees are involved. They understand the goals that are set and they are within the locus of their control. Regular people who have a desire to lead and want to drive the company forward are given the opportunity to do that and many accomplish great things. They are all given more responsibility. For example when salespeople are given the ability to write up their orders, they are given more responsibility and with that responsibility comes the success that is driven by success. The CEO is also involved at the ground level as he respects employees and customers, so they respect him. He does not feel he needs to hire degreed employees but dedicated employees. In the past the focus in hiring employees has been to hire the best which at that time meant education and degree, certifications. It was often found though, that these people did not stay long in one place unless there was a great opportunity for improving their status or an ability to move up the ladder in that company. However, most newly trained management would agree with this CEO. You need to put

Public finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public finance - Essay Example This paper analyzes the possible impact of welfare reform over labor supply incentives. For so many years, the US has been involved in welfare reforms that any dating of the beginning of welfare reforms is irrational. In many ways, the welfare reforms in the past two decades have given rise to labor supply. The life of the people relying on welfare reforms has become more difficult due to the work requirements for welfare recipients, the decline in the real value of welfare benefits, and the sanctions for not complying with the requirements imposed by the state for welfare recipients, such like the work related participation activities held mandatory for the welfare recipients. Due to which, people would be encouraged to opt for being in or entering in to the labor force rather than leaving or applying for the social welfare programs. Such decisions or choices are based on the perceived toughness of the state’s welfare program and thereby, are influenced by the state’s rhetoric in relation to the welfare reform and not just enforced by the requirements of the law of the state. However, the sanctions imposed on the welfare recipients may simply compel them to seek work by throwing them off the welfare rolls. Also, the time limitations of the number of years for which a particular welfare recipient can benefit from the social welfare program may subsequently lift some welfare recipients off the welfare program. ... nalysis, which are: the precise evaluation of response elasticities, comprehensive specification of the distribution of income, as well as some perspective of the social welfare weights. The former two elements are positive and can be determined through thoughtful evidence based analysis. On the other hand, the last element mentioned above is normative and thus, something at which perspectives may differ. Now, we will discuss that how these elements will operate in the structure of earnings and taxation. In relation to labor supply responses, an important distinction lies between the intensive and extensive margins of labor supply. The studies on optimal taxation investigate the outcomes for tax design (Diamond 1980; Saez 2002; Laroque 2005). When the people are permitted to respond to the variations in the tax schedule by selecting to work or not, and how hard to work, then the schedule of optimal tax can vary to a great extent. Particularly, when this choice of employment becomes c omparatively more significant, then the rates of optimal marginal tax can reduce dramatically, even to a negative value, for the people with low earnings capacity. According to Brewer, Saez, and Shephard (2010), an impelling inference is that if the state government commends redistribution then the workers having low income should be given an earnings subsidy since the participation tax rate for low earnings would be negative. Therefore, the extensive model signifies that work contingent credits or earnings subsides, such like the working tax credit or the earned income tax credit, should be the constituent of an optimal tax system, which is in acute contrast to the intensive model. This is among the vital lessons from the new optimal tax design. Due to the large extensive elasticity, the